Liquid container



Nov. 20, 1956 c; F. HAMMOND ETAL 1 LIQUID CONTAINER Filed Jan. 2, 1953-4,Sheets-Sheet 1 m r W 3 m z W ON 1 MN W\m\ V l M 1955 c. F. HAMMONDETAL 2,771,221

LIQUID CONTAINER y M R W Alto may Nov. 20, 1956 C. F. HAMMOND ET-ALLIQUID CONTAINER 4 Sheets-Shet 3 Filed Jan. 2, 1953 Attorney 1956 c. F.HAMMOND ET AL LIQUID CONTAINER Filed Jan. 2, 1953 FIG. 5.

4 Sheets-Sheet 4 I nventons GEM FMWERJ TONE HIVMMO/VD,

Attorney new United States Patent LIQUID CONTAINER Cecil FeatherstoueHammond and William Shackleton,

London, England, assignors of one-half to Lining Components Limited,London, England, a British company; said Cecil Featherstone Hammond,administrator of said William Shackleton, deceased Application January2, 1953, Serial No. 329,334

6 Claims. (Cl. 222111) Sheet metal drums form convenient containers forthe transport and storage of liquids, but their use for corrosiveliquids has been restricted by difliculty in devising a cheap andeffective resistant lining which will protect the metal of the drum fromthe liquid even if the metal is dented.

Various containers have been proposed having a lining of a flexiblematerial, such as rubber or polythene, but these have either involvedthe use of an outer container diifering radically from the shell of anordinary drum or have been unreliable in use. In particular it has beenvfound that if a polythene bag is inserted in an ordinary metal drumshell, and is positively anchored only around the opening in the drum,there is a danger of the bag turning within the shell and ultimatelybeing torn open at the neck.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a metal drum with aresistant lining which will survive rough handling of the drum.

It is a further object to provide a lining which can be incorporated ina metal drum which does not differ greatly from drums at presentcommonly made.

It is a further object to provide an improved pouring spout inassociation with a resistant lining for a metal drum.

In attaining these objects the sheet metal shell of a drum is lined by abag of a flexible material, such as rubber or polythene, which isanchored to the drum all round its upper edge where the head of the drumjoins the body. Preferably the bag is anchored to the shell solely byinter-fitting parts. Preferably, moreover, the bag is attached to thehead before being inserted into the body. The bag may be formed at thejunction of its top and barrel with a beaded rim which engages a groovein the spigot of the head, and which in the completed drum is held inplace by the body of the shell.

Preferably air is expelled from between the bag and the shell walls sothat the bag in efiect clings to the interior of the shell underatmospheric pressure. This may be effected by expanding the bagprogressively into contact with the shell before the seams are allclosed in an airtight manner. The anchorage of the bag to the drum comesinto play principally if the shell is damaged so that it is no longerairtight.

In large drums which are likely to be handled by rolling on their sides,the lining may be anchored to the drum around the bottom in the same wayas it is anchored around the head.

Furthermore in attaining the objects of the invention, a drum for thetransport and storage of liquid comprising a sheet metal shell lined bya bag of flexible material has attached to the bag a tubular partforming an invertible spout capable of being drawn from inside the drumthrough an opening. Preferably the opening is closed by a bung, part ofwhich fits inside the tubular part when this is inside the drum and isshaped to engage the tubular part and pull it into the outer or pour-,ing position on removal of the bung. This form of spout is intended foruse on small drums which are emptied by 2,771,221 .Patented Nov. 20,1956 tipping by hand, and is not intended for larger drums which areemptied by vacuum or blowing or through a non-corrosive tap.

The invention also concerns bags suitable for use as linings of drumsaccording to the invention.

The accompanying drawings show two examples of drums embodying thepresent invention. In these drawings:

Figure 1 is a vertical section through a 5 gallon drum;

Figure 2 is a vertical section on a larger scale of part of the drumwith an opening closed by a bung;

Figure 3 is a vertical section of part of the rubber lining of the drumbefore it is fitted in place;

Figure 4 is a vertical section of the bung partly withdrawn from theopening;

Figures 5 and 6 are longitudinal sections of part of a 40 gallon drum inthe course of assembly; and

Figure 7 is a fragmentary longitudinal section of a 40 gallon drum inthe course of assembly by a difierent method.

The 5 gallon drum illustrated by Figures 1 to 4 has a metal shellcomprising a body 2, and a dished bottom 4 and head 6 which in thecompleted drum are held to the body by folded double scams 8 and 10.There is an opening in the head, surrounded by a turned-over rim 12. Inaddition a carrying handle 14 is hinged to the head. This shell differsfrom an ordinary drum only in the depth and shape of the spigot of thehead.

The drum has as lining a rubber bag formed of a cylindrical wall 16, atop wall 18 and a bottom wall 20. Before the lining is inserted in thedrum these three parts are vulcanised together at 22 and 24. Theresutlant complete lining has a rim 26 around its upper corner, and thefree edge of the rim is formed with an internal bead 28.

In assembly the completed lining is attached to the head 6 of the metalshell by pressing the top of the lining against the underside of thehead and snapping the bead 28 into a groove 30 in the spigot 32 of thehead. A tubular extension 34 on the top of the lining is drawn throughthe opening in the head and turned down over the rim 12 of the opening.

Then the lining is lowered into the rest of the shell, comprising thebody 2 and bottom 4 already seamed together. Air is expelled frombetween the lining and the shell by pouring water into the lining, andthen the flange on the head is folded over with the flange on the bodyto form the seam 10. Before the scams 8 and 10 are closed, opposedsurfaces are coated with lacquer to render the seams airtight.

The opening in the drum is closed by a bung 35 cornposed of a corrosionresistant plug 36 fitted into a rubber cap 38. When the drum is closed,a flange 40 on the cap is turned down over the lining extension 34, andthe cap is protected by a metal cover 42 held in place by an overseal inthe form of a metal band 44. When the bung is to be withdrawn, the bandand cover are removed and the flange 40 is turned upwards. A retainingring 46 with inturned claws prevents displacement of the edge of thelining extension 34.

The plug 36 cooperates with a pourer spout 48. As the bung is withdrawn,a rib 50 on the plug engages the spout and progressively inverts it sothat when the bung is clear of the drum the spout is directed outwards.When the bung is replaced the spout is returned into the drum. Anyliquid which runs down the outside of the spout during pouring collectsin a trough 52 defined by the spout and the lining extension 34, and asthe bung is replaced this liquid drains back into the drum through agroove 54 which extends part way up the side of the plug. In order toshow this groove, the bung is shown in different rotational positions inthe different figures.

In the 40 gallon drum illustrated by Figures 5 and 6,

the lining is held to the shell by integral, internally beaded rims 56and S8 at both ends. The assembly of the upper part of the drum isidentical with that of the gallon drum. The bottom 60 of the shell ofthe 40 gallon drum has, however, to be passed through the body 62 of theshell. Accordingly, the initial shape of the bottom is that shown inFigure 5. The edge 64 is then thrown outwards to form a flange as shownin Figure 6, and is finally folded over to form a seam.

Alternatively, as shown in Figure 7, passing the bottom 66 through a 40gallon drum can be avoided by inflating the lining 68 after insertioninto the body 70 of the shell. This causes the bottom wall 72 to projectout of the body and become somewhat domed, and as a result the bead 74on the lower rim 76 of the lining is stretched. The bottom 78 of theshell is pushed against the lining and into the end of the body 70, andthe bottom seam is made. As the lining is inflated and thereafter thebottom 78 is pushed into place, air is expelled from between the liningand the shell.

It is also possible to assemble in this way a drum having no bottomanchorage to the lining. That is to say in the assembly of a 5 gallondrum, such as that shown in Figure 1, the lining may be inserted intothe body of the shell before the bottom of the shell is in place. Thenthe lining is inflated, the bottom of the shell is pushed into place,and the bottom seam is made. Conveniently during this operation theopening in the lining is closed by a special plug incorporating anon-return valve through which the lining can be inflated.

A lining which is anchored to a shell solely by interfitting parts canbe recovered from a shell by cutting away the seams of the shell andseparating the components. This enables the lining from a shell to bereused, for example if the shell is dented but the lining is intact.

The constructions described in detail may be modified in a number ofways. Thus the lining, either of rubber, or other material such aspolythene, may be of parts cemented rather than vulcanised together, ormay be moulded in one piece after the manner of a hot water bottle.

It is also possible to dispense with a head on the rim or rims of thelining and to secure such rims to the head or bottom of the shell by abinding holding the rim in engagement with a groove or a roughenedsurface.

We claim:

1. A drum for the transport and storage of liquid comprising a sheetmetal shell, including a body, a head and a bottom, in combination witha lining in the form of a bag of flexible material, said shell beingformed with an opening, and said bag including a tubular part integralwith said bag and aligned with said opening and adapted to be completelyinverted through said opening to form a spout and to be returned throughsaid opening.

2. A drum as claimed in claim 1 in combination with a bung, including aplug adapted to fit within said tubular part when said tubular part isdirected into said drum and to draw said tubular part outwards as saidbung is withdrawn from said drum.

3. The combination claimed in claim 2 wherein said opening is lined by atubular extension of said lining,

and said tubular part when directed out of said drum defines with saidtubular extension a substantial trough surrounding said tubular part tocollect any liquid run ning down the outside thereof, and said plug isformed with a passage along which liquid can pass from said trough tothe interior of said drum as said tubular part is forced into said drumby insertion of said bung.

4. A method of manufacturing a drum for the transport and storage ofliquid from a sheet metal body, head and bottom, and from a lining inthe form of a bag of flexible material, including a circumferentialwall, and top wall and a bottom wall, integral with one another and withan internally beaded rim extending from the junction of said cylindricalwall and said top wall, comprising, the successive steps of fitting saidtop 'wall of said lining to said head and fitting the head on said riminto'a groove in said head, inserting said lining in said body untilsaid head engages said body, and securing said head and body together,combined with the successive steps of fitting said bottom to said bodyand securing said bottom and body together.

5. A liner for metal drums, said liner being a container of a flexiblematerial, and comprising a circumferential wall, a top part and bottompart fused and integral with said circumferential wall, and with a rimextending up wardly from the junction of said circumferential wall andsaid top. wall, said rim having an internal head of normally unstressedmaterial integral with said rim.

6. A lining as claimed-in claim 5, and including a second internallybeaded rim extending from the junction of said circumferential wall andsaid bottom part.

References Cited in the file'of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS1,190,612 Weil July 11, 1916 1,452,039 Gravell Apr. 17, 1923 1,575,681Griffiths Mar. 9, 1926 1,591,373 Griiiiths July 6, 1926 1,778,532Meiklejohn Oct. 14, 1930 2,065,293 Scudder Dec. 22, 1936 2,145,613 Shenket a1 Jan. 31, 1939 2,177,919 Vogt Oct. 31, 1939 2,561,596 Rieke July24, 1951 FOREIGN PATENTS 1 430,256 Great Britain June 7, 1935

